The production of electricity from nuclear energy began when the first commercial nuclear power plants started operating in the 1950s.

Today, nuclear energy provides approximately 9% of the world’s electricity through around 440 operational power reactors.

By 2025, nuclear electricity is expected to account for nearly 10% of global production, with an estimated output of 2,900 TWh. This growth will be driven by the 417 operational nuclear reactors worldwide and the addition of new capacities (70 GW) through the construction of new nuclear power plants.

Nuclear energy is a proven and reliable technology, supplying electricity for over 50 years while ensuring safe, clean, and affordable energy across more than 40 countries.

Regarding the issue of future energy supply, the growing role of nuclear energy as an environmentally friendly means of producing large-scale, reliable electricity is noted.

Nuclear energy is increasingly considered a solution for the future, helping to address the problems of fossil energy depletion (non-renewable resources), greenhouse gas emissions, and water scarcity through seawater desalination.

This energy could be used in hydrogen production (the ideal fuel for the coming decades) through the electrolysis process, using heat and electricity from a nuclear power plant.

The implementation of a nuclear power plant is based on a national decision and long-term commitment, lasting at least 100 years. This requires rigorous planning and preparation, as well as investments in sustainable infrastructure, providing the necessary legal, regulatory, technological, human, and industrial support. Experience shows that at least 10 to 15 years pass before a nuclear power plant becomes operational. During this period, the State is responsible for developing human capacities to ensure safety and security during the implementation and operation of the plant, ensuring optimal performance, effectively managing nuclear waste and plant decommissioning

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommends a three-phase approach for developing the necessary infrastructure to introduce a nuclear power program:

• Phase 1: Activities preceding the decision to launch a nuclear energy program
• Phase 2: Preparation for the construction of the nuclear power plant once the political decision has been made
• Phase 3: Implementation of the first nuclear power plant

In line with this step-by-step approach, recommended by the IAEA, preparatory actions and the gradual establishment of the necessary infrastructure for the introduction of nuclear power include:

• Strengthening national capacities for training specialized human resources and supporting nuclear safety and security
• Upgrading existing facilities and implementing analysis and design tools for power reactors intended for electricity generation and seawater desalination
• Participating in energy planning studies and the development of electricity production capacity
• Identifying potential sites for nuclear power plant construction
• Enhancing the regulatory and legislative framework
• Studying existing technologies and analyzing future trends